Wheel-modelling CFD methodology (MFT06)

Project · Project 72

A detailed CFD methodology study to assess the impact of wheel geometry simplification and mesh parameters on aerodynamic accuracy and computational cost — the groundwork that makes a full-vehicle campaign affordable under Formula Student resource limits.

Geometry fidelity

Multiple wheel models were developed with varying levels of geometric fidelity — full rim, simplified rim with spokes, and closed rim — and their influence evaluated on aerodynamic coefficients and wake structures under constrained computational resources.

An efficient simulation strategy was designed by isolating the front axle first and later extending to full-vehicle simulations using symmetry assumptions to reduce computational expense.

Results

The trade-offs between model fidelity and performance were quantified, identifying that simplified geometries could be used with acceptable deviations, while accounting for the increased recirculation effects that appear in closed rims.

A comprehensive mesh sensitivity study was performed varying refinement levels, boundary layer resolution and growth parameters, evaluating convergence through residuals, y+, non-orthogonality and aerodynamic coefficients together rather than any one of them alone. This demonstrated local mesh independence and identified global sensitivities, leading to an optimal mesh configuration that balanced accuracy and computational cost.